Ft. 375 Hall Ct, Noblesville, IN 46060. Open in Google Maps Someone can be in a bad situation, and instead of showing support, or just some empathy, were quick to label them and say theyre getting it because they deserve it.. With the destruction to Chicagos original black community of the Low Ends Bronzeville community, as well the black community of the Near West Side, the black population relocated into the heart of the West Side. During the 50s & 60s different clubs hung out in there. In Cook County, where Cicero resides, the sheriffs office stopped using a gang database that it maintained and destroyed all records, following pushback from organizers with the Erase the Database campaign. It was explained to me [by a school administrator] that if a cop looks up [Robertos] record, [the gang contract] is on his file, said his mother. 12th Street Player Mural Liam Quinn For Dailymail.com From the Chicago hoods of the South Side to the areas where Chicago gangs roam on the West Side to the heart of the Chicago ghetto areas of the North and East sides, this map breaks down the background and history of almost every Chicago hood and community while giving a tour through the streets of the urban sections of the city. THEYRE SITTING OUTSIDE WITH WEAPONS PULLING PEOPLE FROM THEIR CARS AND BEATING THEM. In Cicero, anyone shown to have been involved in banned gang activity would have 60 days to leave town or face a $500-a-day fine. cicero gang map. The 41-year-old . If the student fails to adhere to these expectations, they face a three- to five-day suspension for the first violation and a five- to 10-day suspension for a second. The contracts do not show student names. This online edition was created and published by Global Grey on the 27th February 2023. From Cabrini Green and Marshall Field, to the sections of the city known as the North Pole there are numerous Hispanic and black Chicago gangs and hoods on the North Side. Active area: Racine to Throop/18th to 17th; 1750 South Throop; 48th and South Throop; 19th and Racine. My stance has been for years that every single gang altercation in a school should have the police involved, he explained. Vargas thinks that Cicero and similar communities should invest more money in after-school programs and resources for young people of all ages. Bunnyside: 12th Street Players: Roosevelt Rd and Lombard, Cicero, IL: Gang Book 18:43 GMT 24 Jan 2017 That was so long ago, but they did get along with the Deuces Wild, and like I said they were a part of the stones at least the ones on the South Side. Acevez is now the deputy superintendent of patrol. There rivals were the Seeley Boys and the Polish Assasins. Calendar; Departments; Faculty Email; Join Our Team; Public Bidding; . [1], The Latin Counts' symbol consists of a depiction of Count Dracula, a knight's helmet, and a sword with five slashes above it. Just sorry to see so many of the guys I hung with never made it past 50 'tho. They ruled Albany Park and beyond in the 50's. From 31st and Morgan was mostly Polish and fought with the Italian gangs in Bridgeport. Starting along Madison in East Garfield Park, the community would eventually make its way into North Lawndale and West Garfield Park, followed by the Austin neighborhood by the 1970s and 1980s. Roberto, whose name has been changed in this article since hes a minor and still a student, is one of 34 students enrolled in the J. Digital Millennium Copyright Act Notice These ordinances were part of Ciceros zero-tolerance response to gangs. His extensive writings include treatises on . The colors used by the K-Town Lords were blue/red. The gang was founded in 1955 by Mexican youth who lived in the Pilsen neighborhood of Chicago. In the wake of a Chicago police officer killing 13-year-old Adam, Vargas said the Latinx community has to engage in difficult conversations about solutions that only lead to more harassment from police. [3] Benjamin Beightol, the gang's Minister of Information who disseminated Garza's instructions to lower ranking gang members, pleaded guilty to racketeering charges on January 29, 2018, and faced ten years in prison.[5]. They messed with gangs like Party People, Ambrose, and La Razas and others. Most all became professionals, lawyers, and successful businessmen. NFTs Simplified > Uncategorized > cicero gang map. Marcus Tullius Cicero (/ s s r o / SISS--roh; Latin: [mar.ks tl.li.js k.k.ro]; 3 January 106 BC - 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. One of the largest gangs in the country are the Vice Lords, who originally began during the 1950s in Illinois juvenile facilities before starting their foundation in North Lawndale. Gang contracts were in use while the administrator worked in the district during the 2000s. Physical Office Address: 331 East Jackson Street; Cicero, IN 46034. I asked, ?what's goin on?? While the district has lowered rates of in-school and out-of-school suspensions since 2018, it remains in the top fifth of ISBEs list. On other contracts, hairstyles, shaved eyebrows, hand gestures, watching videos, graphics and loitering are listed as sufficient evidence to establish a gang affiliation. For the past four years, the district has remained in the top 20% of school districts across the state that suspend students at exceedingly high rates, according to ISBE data. I cant tell you how freeing it is to not feel a single bit of remorse for this. California Interactive Maps California Gang Territories Map Gangs of Los Angeles Chicago, Illinois 2004-2011 2004 Chicago Gang Map (pdf) 2006 Chicago Gang Map (pdf) 2007 Chicago Gang Map (pdf) They were so cool. I feel like people just didnt really understand [Adam], he said. The Wood Street Walkers still have a gatherings like a Social Club where they have family get togethers and picnics. He said as district employees, these officers would be subject to discipline if they were to disclose student school records, with the student names included, to the police. Barajas and other community members formed the Education Committee (formerly part of the Cicero-based community organization Ixchel) to organize around school concerns in 2012. Most resided in Humboldt Park with Division Street being the heart of the neighborhood. With the media being furious with towns like Yucaipa and Snohomish where white men with large guns were seen defending their neighborhoods, its rather remarkable how little attention theyve given to the Latin Kings street gang aggressively purging their neighborhoods of looters in the suburbs of Chicago. The K-Town Lords was a predominately Hispanic street gang that originated in the early 1970's on the Northwest Side of Chicago near North Avenue and Kostner Avenue. The South Side also has a long history of Chicago gangs. 'Snow' much growth at Lincoln: School hosts pep assembly for MAP testing Dec 6 2022 4: 34 PM. The Player symbol, the bunny, should not be confused with the bunny used by Gangsta 2-6, which has one ear bent in the middle. "Gang Slang" By PHILIP BENJAMIN New York Times (1857-Current file); Oct 20, 1957; pg. I saw someone I knew. The ethnic makeup of this gang was at first predominantly Italian-American and Irish-American however by the mid 1960's it turned mostly Southern Appalachian White. Aktivieren Sie JavaScript und laden Sie die Seite noch einmal. It was a party house. As Keeper, he is responsible for caring for the Night Mother 's body and casket. Once mostly Bohemian (Czech, Slav and Russian), it now occupies one of the biggest latino community. Trends Analytics. Leer en Espaol. I lived on the other side of 47th st until I was 16 and then moved around Archer Park. However, Barajas emphasized that even students who make mistakes are entitled to stay in school and not be criminalized. LOVERS RUN IT!!! They found no lack of recruits, as the demographics of the near West suburb were shifting to a largely Latino population, much to the dismay of the Folk gangs present, and even to "allies" such as the 12th Street Players, and the Noble Knights. Crimes - Map This dataset reflects reported incidents of crime that have occurred in the City of Chicago over the past year, minus the most recent seven days of data. The battles over territory were inevitable, and the one-time allies were now bitter enemies. The pitchforks represent oppression!!!! They get a lot of there "lit" from the poet that did "Dante's Inferno" and his quest out of hell!! Little is known of him before 4E 186, when he started keeping a journal detailing some of his many contracts. A former Morton High School District administrator who worked in Cicero in the 1990s and 2000s said local schools adopted the citys tough on gangs position. Chris Bridges, program counsel at the Chicago Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights, said his organization worries that Morton High School District administrators might use the gang contracts to force students into alternative schools or push them out of school completely. By If we were in Hinsdale Central [High School], would they be telling kids, Sign this contract? I dont think so, he explained, comparing Cicero to a predominantly white suburb nearby. Colors: light blue and black. But its not only high school students who are being labeled as gang-affiliated by school administrators, and Morton isnt the only school district compiling lists of students accused of gang membership. CHICAGO - A 20-year-old man has been charged with fatally shooting two people on Interstate 55 in Chicago last year. IF YOU ARE BLACK IN CHICAGO STAY AWAY FROM 26th AND CICERO/ CERMAK AND CICERO. Some of the old LAs became Aristocrats. The higher the number, the greater the gang risk. Sterling Morton High School District who signed a Gang Behavior Contract in 2019. Another male was killed during this time. It is a member of the People Nation alliance. Not only is Baltimore garbage but at one time the most popular TV show in the world was purely "How Garbage Is Bodymore, Murderland." -OT Very very good thread on pol now about the Salvadoran situation, which is highly iStevey because it actually demonstrates something away from keyboard which Steve has been saying for years: enabling or ignoring low-level crime in . Aldo Calderin, the current Unity principal and interim superintendent for the Cicero School District 99, said in an email the school started creating a gang database to keep track of what students were involved to keep the rest of the students and staff safe. Calderin said parents are made aware of the gang activity their child is involved in at the school and district. In 1990, only 37% of Ciceros population was Latinx, according to census data. Since 2013, at least five of those officers have been members of the Cicero Police Departments Gang Crimes Tactical Unit, including Vincent Acevez, the police commander who received the blank contract from Kelly. Cicero gang crimes chart Street gang related homicides have remained significantly lower over the years in part to a stronger police response to street gang activity and a zero tolerance for gun related violence. From the Chicago hoods of the South Side to the areas where Chicago gangs roam on the West Side to the heart of the Chicago ghetto areas of the North and East sides, this map breaks down the background and history of almost every Chicago hood and community while giving a tour through the streets of the urban sections of the city. Truesdale denied that the gang contract puts students on a track toward more serious consequences for behavior, but the contract lists escalating disciplinary actions for violating a list of stated expectations. Two gang intervention workers we spoke to, along with Roberto and his family, think that the gang contract information is shared with police. Students can be added to the list based on writings and drawings on notebooks, displaying gang symbols or paraphernalia, social media posts, graffiti or fights. Three suspects in one of the shooting have been taken into custody, police said. Cornell Square Spikes Candy Store - Where the Rebels hung out in the 1950s. The Dragons were Mexican, The Coachmen & Dukes were Italians and some Croations, The Nomads were Chinese. This Is An Updated Version Of Cicero's Street Gangs And Their Hoods. A full map of the Second City is covered with hundreds of red triangles and dots, which are used to identify clubhouses with or without 'clubrooms', respectively. For more information, see the lore article. Liberals do not By Jer Clifton on March 1, 2023 . From ABC 7 Chicago, Cleanup begins after 2 killed in Cicero, 60 arrested; officials, residents call for unity as tensions rise: Violence rocked suburban Cicero Monday with two people killed and 60 others arrested as outside agitators started looting businesses, Cicero police said. Email us at [emailprotected] or call us at (312) 521-0977. It is a member of the People Nation alliance. The Latin Counts is a Latino street gang based in Chicago, Illinois with a significant branch in Detroit, Michigan. Son of the Republic. The Latin Kings, with their cousins the Latin Counts, began to heavily recruit in the once exclusively white suburb of Cicero, Il.. Cicero officials told The New York Times in the late '90s that they had a list of 600 "known gang members," including minors. I always wanted to be one but he wouldn't let me. Joseph Guzman, of Cicero, faces two counts of first-degree murder. It then goes into even greater detail, marking out specific areas where specific ethnicities were dominant, including: 'Jewish', 'Polish', 'Negro, Hungarian', 'German', and others. The Ridgeway Lords were big around 27th s Ridgeway in the 60s. If a hearing officer found that the accused person was indeed a gang member who had engaged in gang-related criminal activity, then the person could be ordered to leave Cicero or be fined $500 daily. Why, if I want him to continue to go into school, do I have to consider my son gang-affiliated and [have this be] put on his record?. #LegalHelpFirmCares pic.twitter.com/S839SyyVAP, LEGAL HELP FIRM (@lhfirm) June 2, 2020. The 12th Street Players were a formed in the late 1960s in Cicero, Il., on the corners of Roosevelt Road and Austin Avenue. An investigation by Cicero Independiente, Type Investigations and Injustice Watch reveals, for the first time, that more than 100 students attending school in the working-class suburban communities of Cicero and Berwyn have signed these gang contracts over seven years. Sie dienen nur zur Information und sind nicht zu Handels- oder Beratungszwecken zu verwenden. Overall, there are over 33,000 gangs with approximately 1.4 million members operating in the 50 states including Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. CICERO, Ill. (STMW)-- A police officer in Cicero shot a suspected gang member fleeing from police Thursday evening in the western suburb. That certainly suggests the two groups were working together. Our communities will never be safe for families until these criminals are FULLY REMOVED from our streets.#TrumpOrLooters#chicagoprotest#BackTheBlue pic.twitter.com/BKd4IQgIkK. An opinion piece in Scientific American by a researcher at Penn (I previously wrote about his study last year): Many Differences Between Liberals and Conservatives May Boil Down to One Belief Conservatives tend to believe that strict divisions are an inherent part of life. Laura and Roberto said they did not fully understand how signing the gang contract might impact him long term. Follow this thread had the video proof! Our investigation shows that administrators have often had students sign the agreements for vague or seemingly subjective reasons and in a few cases for no specified reason. 1990 saw the set close, with members moving away, or showing their American pride prevalent among all Stoned Greaser gangs; joining the U.S. Military. They were more of a protector on our block. The group's colors are black and white, and their symbols are a 5-point star and a Playboy bunny. The Lil Syndicate were friends with the Saints, Cornell Dukes, and Unicorns & Kool Gents from the Setttlement, wrote the song to capture the wicked thaughts that must go with a drive by shooting - by Chopper. He was portrayed by Danny Trejo, who is famous for portraying the character Machete from Machete duology from Grindhouse. I just feel like adults should keep their children close, especially in this time now, he said. The criminalization of young people, especially gang-involved youth, is especially concerning in the wake of the killing of Adam Toledo, a 13-year-old shot by Chicago police officer Eric Stillman in Chicagos Little Village neighborhood. 'Their distribution as shown on the accompanying map makes it possible to visualize the typical areas of gangland and to indicate their place in the life and organization of Chicago. Gangsta Island: Story of Gary, Indiana Hoods, Map of Philly Gangs (Full Tour of Philly Hoods), Map of Toronto Gangs (Full Tour of Toronto Hoods), Legends of the Streets: City to city Top Kingpins, Gang Leaders, Crews, **All Lists Are Currently Being Updated**. They named their gang the Texans in homage to the state they originally lived in. Some are good; some are bad; and each has to be considered to its own merits. In that same period, Berwyns Latinx population increased from almost 8% to 38%. [1] Its territory has expanded to include Southwest Detroit, Michigan, and the suburbs of Lincoln Park and Ecorse. Further detail is provided by identifying important areas across the city, as well as know gang locations. The Dukes were from 59th Hermitage, I believe. Chicago is well known for its bloody history with gangs, with the likes of Al Capone, George Moran, and John Dillinger operating in the city at stages during the 1920s and 1930s. Truesdale did not respond to additional questions about these emails. NUMBERS Chicago has 59 active street gangs, with more than . Some of the records show what disciplinary measure the school doled out. With the lack of recruits, and overpowered by sheer numbers, the Players eventually gave up their original stronghold on Roosevelt Road and Austin Ave. Another ordinance authorized the town to impound the vehicle of any suspected gang member entering a gang-free zone. Roberto is a 17-year-old resident of Cicero, Illinois, who is on track to graduate after this summer and will be the first in his family to earn a high school diploma. In 1970, a faction broke off from the gang to be named the Bishops, who retained good relations with the Counts due to their sharing of the same bloodlines. $435,000 Last Sold Price. At about. Because the gang contracts we obtained from the Morton High School District had names and identifying information redacted, its difficult to fully know the disciplinary consequences and long-term impact on the high school students who signed them. Turf: North to Armitage/Humboldt to Kedzie. The early 80's saw the Players spread into Berwyn ( Freedom Parkat 37th and East Ave), and in the mid-to-late 80s, into Lyons, Brookfield, Lagrange and Countryside. View more recently sold homes. Documents in his school disciplinary records say it was for flashing gang signs. A Cicero representative stated that these records are continuously updated by the town and other law enforcement agencies. [3], Isidro Garza led the gang while incarcerated in the Michigan Department of Corrections, where he was already serving 25-50 years for a 1993 gang-related homicide. 18th Street 1960s-1970s: ARCONS, SEMANONS, RAMPANTS, SPARTANS, LATIN COUNTS, COULTER COUNTS, ESQUIRES, VIALOBOS, SATIN DISCIPLES, CHANCELLORS, CRAZY TONY GONZALES' gang, and the MORGAN DEUCES. The 12th Street Players were a formed in the late 1960s in Cicero, Il., on the corners of Roosevelt Road and Austin Avenue. Cicero and his bandits invade the village and . She remembers seeing hallways full of young Latinx students facing criminal charges waiting for court dates. [Participants] always cry about it. Cicero is the secondary antagonist of the 2015 Netflix Original film The Ridiculous 6. But, of course, there are times when they do not contact us for that.. The 12th Street Players are the only gang in the history of Chicago to make such a comeback, mostly in part to leader Jake Lane who was later indicted on weapons charges. If they see that Im on the gang contract, then theyll mark me in the database that Im gang affiliated, and then thatll go on my record.. It was located on 45th s McDowall right off Ashland Ave a couple of blocks from Peoples Show. Shooting 03/01/2023 8:53 PM 7800 BLOCK OF S LOOMIS ST. Other 03/01/2023 5:09 PM 5200 BLOCK OF S SPAULDING AVE. Welcome to Cicero School District 99/Bienvenidos a Cicero Distrito 99. Outside of the Black P. Stones, Chicago gangs of the Gangster Disciples and Black Disciples, who started out as the Devil Disciples around 53rd and Woodlawn, hold much of a presence on the citys East Side, especially around King Drive, Cottage Grove, and in South Shore. Frederic Thrasher wrote at the time, according to Atlas Obscura. Offshoot of Palmer/Drake You got the 1st map to get robbins on point and you got the 150 kings none of the maps got them either. Homes And Hideouts Of 1920s Gangsters Off Market Homes Near 1928 N Cicero Ave Peter Cicero Parlapiano, Ross - 1968 Possession of a Firearm by a Gang Member Map and Directions BPNC is a community-based, grassroots organization on Chicago's BPNC is a community-based, grassroots organization on Chicago's . At least six of these contracts have been signed during the 2021 school year, when students were in remote learning. School deans determine whether an action merits a gang contract, according to a Process for Gang Contracts document obtained through a records request. Looking back at his high school career, Roberto wishes he hadnt done so many stupid things and called for the school to prepare students with skills to deal with an uncertain future after Covid-19. Several school districts around the country have used gang contracts for similar reasons. It just essentially creates another way for law enforcement to get involved in the lives of young folks with really no purpose but to criminalize them, Stovall said. Hung out in the Foreman H.S. The gang-free ordinance still exists in the towns municipal code but is not enforced. As most of you already know, Cicero is littered with graffiti of all sorts and gangs of all various kinds, races, and genders . [] Several people were caught running with stolen items from The El Patron liquor store near 22nd Street and Cicero Avenue, several other businesses were also hit, officials said. VERY anti-government, but sad to say on some levels I can relate! Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC - 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer and philosopher, who served as consul in The Back of the Yards neighborhood once consisted of all-white and mixed gangs, like the Gaylords and the Renegade Saints. As with the other whiteclubs within the City of Chicago and suburbs, the 12th Street Players were feeling the pressure of mass immigration into their neighborhoods. It prohibits a student from engaging in what could be considered gang-related behavior and warns that they could face escalating disciplinary measures for breaking the agreement. If I were to get arrested anytime soon and Im still in school, the cops go to the school and ask, Is he on the gang contract? Roberto explained. Wells fellow; Cicero Independiente; and Injustice Watch. Search this area. They wore gray & black sweaters and some hung out at 47th and Avers. Be there for them.. Its not her job to be looking for gang behavior, he said. [,] Cicero officials said they were unaware of those allegations. Roberto thinks the contract kind of limits what you do in school [teachers and principals] look down on you in a way.. The black community began to expand first into neighborhoods like Englewood and Back of the Yards, then followed by communities like Auburn Gresham, 95th Street, and Roseland and West Pullman, which both would become known as the Wild Hundreds, an area that became a hotbed for Chicago gangs. It was a really challenging time here in Cicero, with some of the young students involved with gangs, she said. Cicero we stand with YOU,NOT LOOTERS!#chicagoprotest#TrumpOrLooters pic.twitter.com/yxAApYDobo. was established in 1996 and it is managed by the Pvt. [4] Gang members have also been involved in selling stolen weapons, assaults and murders. With prominent Latino Chicago gangs of the Latin Kings, Satan Disciples, Maniac Latin Disciples, Spanish Cobras, and Gangster Two Six, the Hispanic community of both Mexicans and Puerto Ricans have many similarities to the citys black population. In a school that is 98% Latino with a staff thats 80% white, dont you find it a little bit odd that they would come into the school and say it is a gang-ridden place? he continued. A lot of them were standing right here on the street throwing rocks and bottles on the street as cars were coming by.. Jeff Fort - Blackstone rangers Beginnings. Although they originated from Roosevelt and Austin, theclub had expanded into a number of different territorial areas. And yes, the gangs at that time were much more a load than their imposters and wannabee's years later. But they had their own ethnic gangs. First published in 1866. The growth of the Black P. Stones also led to spinoff gangs, like the Titanic Stones, Maniac Stones, or Mickey Cobras. You can see the second video above that someone in a truck rams a looters car then the cops drive up right behind them, get out of their patrol car and chase the looters down. Cicero was born in 106 B.C. They were sharp dressers with well trimmed fros, went to Waller and Cooley in the late 60s Early 70s. [2][3], The Latin Counts' main criminal activity involves drug activity and racketeering. The below list is not all inclusive. The group has been aware of the gang contracts for years and thinks the use of these gang contracts should be discontinued. Read MoreIn Little Village, Adam Toledos death spurs reflection on police, gangs, and raceAs the national spotlight dawns on the predominantly Mexican neighborhood, residents express a complicated mix of emotions about Adams killing and what to do next..single-read-more{max-width: 300px;} .single-read-more h3{margin: 10px 0;} .single-read-more.left{float: left; margin: 0 20px 20px 0;} .single-read-more.right{float: right; margin: 0 0 20px 20px;} .single-read-more img{width: 100%;}@media(max-width:800px){.single-read-more{max-width:100%;width:100%;}.single-read-more .sc-title{border-top: #f15e2a solid 1px;padding-top: 10px;} .single-read-more .sc-content{border-bottom:#f15e2a solid 1px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:10px;} .single-read-more img{display: none;} .single-read-more .shortcode-content{display:none;} }. K-D stood for Kostner-Dickens. Street gang related homicides have remained significantly lower over the years in part to a stronger police response to street gang activity and a zero tolerance for gun related violence. The section of the North Side that is known as the North Pole, from Rogers Park to the Uptown neighborhood, is a large diverse community of African Americans and Latinos who have been either displaced from or relocated from other Chicago neighborhoods and have been making their way into the far North Side since the 1970s and 1980s. While in Little Village, the first and largest gang was the Gangster 2-6 who gained members due to their dislike towards Latin Kings who came from other sections of the city. The Settlers ran the place and the other clubs were the Unicorns, Son's of 45th & the Cool Gents. SOLD OCT 10, 2022. Chinatown was a mixture of Chinese, Italians, Croations & Mexicans. Three suspects in one of the shooting have been taken into custody, police said. And were bad enough that most of the others left us alone or found out why. Alfredo Gonzalez, 55, an alleged gang member, was charged with disorderly conduct after he allegedly "sexually" threatened a female poll worker this morning, Cicero officials said. Gang risk is usually associated with the following regional characteristics: Black Guerilla Family: Prison Gang Profile, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-COG), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form) (GDS-SF), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD or HAM-D), Ohio Risk Assessment System - Pretrial (ORAS-PAT), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), University of Rhode Island Change Assessment(URICA), Heroin brought in by son led to ODs of 5 Philly-area women, Jury finds Chicago gang member guilty in the murder of 9-year-old Tyshawn Lee, White supremacist gang leader who escaped from Arkansas jail has been captured, Inmate pleads guilty to sending anthrax threat letters to judges, gets 10 years, Another inmate dies at North Central Regional Jail in Doddridge County, WV, increasing gang presence over the last several years, high proportions of youth and young adults.
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